Causes Of The Genocide In Bosnia

Causes Of The Genocide In Bosnia In 1980, the president Josip Tito of Yugoslavia died. After the loss of their president, Yugoslavia had political and economic chaos. Slobodan Milosevic became the leader of Serbia in 1987. He was a strong Serb nationalist and encouraged his beliefs in Serbia and in other republics with large Serb communities. The Serbs in Bosnia were not happy feeling like they were now part of Milosevic’s â€Å"Greater Serbia†. The Yugoslavian Army mostly had Serbs. Radovan Karadzic led Serbs who built their own Republica Srpska in the East, while a Bosnian Serb army was in control of the other  ¾ of the country, driving out most of the Bosnian Croats. Then the European Union tried to help both sides, and failed. The U.N. didn’t want to get involved, but helped a little by providing some troop convoys for humanitarian aid. They later decided to help more by providing six â€Å"safe areas†. The Serbs invaded five of the six â€Å"safe areas† and â€Å"ethnicall y cleansed† them. The Background: Bosnia is one of the several small countries that emerged from the break-up of Yugoslavia, a multicultural country created after World War One. Yugoslavia was composed of ethnic and religious groups that had been historical rivals, including the Serbs (Orthodox Christians), Croats (Catholics) and ethnic Albanians (Muslims). During World War Two, Yugoslavia was invaded by Nazi Germany and was separated. Following Germany’s defeat, Tito reunified Yugoslavia by merging many countries. Tito, a Communist, was a strong leader who maintained ties with the Soviet Union and the United States during the Cold War, playing one superpower against the other while obtaining financial assistance and other aid from both. After his death in 1980 and without his strong leadership, Yugoslavia quickly plunged into political and economic chaos. Organizers: In the late 1980’s, a new leader by the name of Slobodan Milosevic came to power in Yugoslavia. He used religious hatred to control the people by sparking old tensions between the Serbians and Muslims. He took advantage of complaints from the Orthodox Catholic Serbs by taking control of the country Kosovo, where the Serbs were the minority. Milosevic then turned his focus to Croatia, a country with 12 percent Serbs. With the assistance of Serbian guerrillas, Milosevic invaded the small country under the pretenses of protecting the Serbs. Milosevic’s motives for this genocide were strongly based on retaliation. Many Serbian citizens had been subject to genocide during World War Two and they finally had a chance to get â€Å"even† with their enemies. After 13 years at power, the Yugoslavian nations revolted and a national strike followed. Milosevic was tried on the following counts in 2002: genocide; complicity in genocide; deportation; murder; persecutions on political, racial or religious grounds; inhumane acts/forcible transfer; extermination; imprisonment; tort ure; willful killing; unlawful confinement; willfully causing great suffering; unlawful deportation or transfer; extensive destruction and appropriation of property, not justified by military necessity and carried out unlawfully and wantonly; cruel treatment; plunder of public or private property; attacks on civilians; destruction or willful damage done to historic monuments and institutions dedicated to education or religion; unlawful attacks on civilian objects. Milosevic died on March 11, 2006, at the U.N. war crimes tribunal detention center.

Social Psychology Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 2000 words - 2

Social Psychology - Essay Example Its roots, dynamics and occurrence have been the subject of countless debates and contentions from scholars in various fields of human knowledge. All of them strive to uncover why an individual would strap onto himself an explosive and detonate it in places full of bystanders. Each field tries to understand how an ordinary student ends up planning and carrying out a kidnapping for political ends. Scholars explore the reason behind why groups of individuals have so much contempt for a state or group of states. Experts analyze the basis of the various doctrines of hate and malevolence against a particular class of people or a sector in society. Despite all these efforts and undertakings to that dissect and formally study terrorism it is not common that it be understood from the standpoint of social psychology. By rationalizing the phenomenon of terrorism within the framework of the workings of the human mind new insight may be derived about it. Psychology in general has delved into terrorism before not in the specific context of Social Psychology. The latter would present a new perspective as to the understanding and analysis of terrorism, its participants, their beliefs and psychological dimension of the same. For the purposes of this paper the concept of terrorism which will be explored will involve terrorism carried out by terrorist groups such as Al –qaeda, Jemaah Islamiya and Hezbollah. This is distinct and separate from state sponsored terrorism as in the case of the Third Reich under Hitler and the former U.S.S.R. under Stalin. The usual definition of terrorism is something like "the use or threat of violence, by small groups against non-combatants of large groups, for avowed political goals." The key to this definition is the combination of small groups killing non-combatants. Terrorism is the warfare of the weak, the recourse of those desperate for a cause that cannot win by conventional means McCauley (n.d.). The attack

Macroeconomics- comparing classical economic theories and keynesian Essay

Macroeconomics- comparing classical economic theories and keynesian economic theories - Essay Example ion, 1930s and General Theory of Employment, Interest & Money, published in 1936 is acknowledged as the best one of his life time efforts (Skousen, 2001). This essay makes an attempt to compare the classical economic theories and Keynesian economic theories. The essay takes a descriptive approach where economic theories of two different periods are compared and contrasted from three angles, namely beliefs, theories and policies. Firstly on the basis of beliefs-Malthus, one of the classical economists believed that, if increase in population was not enough to depress the rate of long term growth it would affect the diminishing returns. And also believed that to ensure growth the government should adopt laissez faire approach which included free trade and free markets. In addition to this, Adam Smith, the Father of Economics who introduced the notion of invisible hand supported the economic activity and led to optimum equilibrium (Stoft, 2002). They also viewed if there is disequilibrium between leakages and injections then the price would adjust to restore equilibrium. In spite of these beliefs they were not much happy in the initial periods but later they had confident with them that their approaches will lead to success in the market. But all this beliefs were strongly opposed by John Maynard Keynes in his Keynesian theory. He argued that the market will not reach to equilibrium at full employment but woul d reach at any level of unemployment. And also argued that need for government was not essential to interfere in the market to manage level of demand and it was the level of output restored the equilibrium and made the leakages and injections equal through his multiplier effect. Secondly on the basis of theories-the classical economist views that free trades and free markets should be adopted to encourage growth in the market. And the government should handle the situation if there is any imperfection that prevented free workings in the market by using supply

In what ways are new technologies opening up new spaces of identity Essay

In what ways are new technologies opening up new spaces of identity for young people - Essay Example In this dissertation we explore the different technological aspects which have gone far in facilitating people to open up new spaces of identity. In reality when we communicate with another person we do not get to know about their likes and dislikes and other features and it makes us almost impossible to select the right one. If the entire profile of the person is revealed as in MySpace.com and Orkut.com it gets very easy to communicate with the right person. The technology has brought in powerful combination of Internet capabilities and web technologies that promotes creating such spaces over the internet in the form of online communities. There are several factors which promote the elasticity of the online communities and bring in more people to share information and make ones knowledge and resources available to the large section of people. 'Am a very busy person and literally had no time to check every company website to whom I applied for internship. MySpace.com was a global community which allowed posting of information meant for a community, I recently got a notification and it helped me to get a job'. (MySpace.com) 1. Anticipated Reciprocity: A person is motivated to contribute valuable information to the group in the expectation that one will receive useful help and information in return. Indeed, there is evidence that active participants in online communities get more responses faster to questions than unknown participants (Kollock, 1999). This is indeed very true for other sites like Orkut.com, a Google community where active participants use the technology to communicate with people. Even Yahoo.com has a service called Yahoo Answers which is pretty fast is responding to its members and also it acknowledges all the other members too. 2. Increased Recognition: Every being wants recognition for their contribution and they would want it to the degree of visibility in the entire community they belong. Myspace.com encourages elaborate profiles for members where they can share all kinds of information about themselves including what music they like, their heroes, etc. In addition to this, many communities give incentives for contributing. For example, many forums award you points for posting such as Yahoo Answers, who allot points to its members for asking and answering a question. EBay is an example of an online community where reputation is very important because it is used to measure the trustworthiness of someone you potentially will do business with. With eBay, you have the opportunity to rate your experience with someone and they, likewise, can rate you. This has an effect on the reputation score. 3. Sense of Efficacy: Individuals contribute valuable information because the act results in a sense of efficacy, that is, a sense that they have had some effect on this environment. There is well-developed research literature that has shown how important a sense of efficacy is and making regular and high quality contributions to the group can help individuals believe that they have an impact on the group and support their own self-image as an efficacious person. 4. Sense of Community: People, in general, are fairly social beings and it is motivating to many people to be responded

Final Exam Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 2000 words - 3

Final Exam - Essay Example Homosexuals and lesbians are allowed to adopt children, while this was never acceptable before the 19th century. Americans came to realize that dissent is good for the nation. Through opposition, the country can identify the areas that need change, and the right direction through which the change should be guided. Eventually, American culture evolved into various subcultures based on people’s opinions and practices. American culture became heterogeneous. This paper will describe how the modern changes of the late 19th and 20th centuries contributed to a fragmented and heterogeneous culture. In the early 19th century backwards to the early centuries, the society was divided into two sections; between the rich and the poor. There were physical divisions as well as divisions based on values and ideas. The rich thought that they were untouchable, and it was the responsibility of the poor man to take a lower position in the society, for him to be rich and stay on top. The rich thought that the poor had no right to fight for freedom or try to get rich. The society according to them was perfect as it was. They had accumulated enough wealth to keep them on top for periods of time. Any grievances by the poor people were considered a nuisance, ridiculous, and an obstacle to achieving the aims of the rich. A rich person, for example, in the 1880s or even before, could have had aims of building a new home or constructing new working sites. Workers’ strikes at the time would be a nuisance because they disrupted the progress of such projects. To them, whatever the poor were fighting for was impossible. The perception of strikes at the time is that strikes were a nuisance; they were a waste of the employers’ time and money. They were a threat to the society. The perception of strikes in the current society, however, is different. It is viewed as people fighting for their rights and it is also considered legally right. The class structure in the early centuries

News Director at a television station Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1000 words

News Director at a television station - Essay Example In the television business ratings are important. Programs that are able to obtain higher ratings can be used by television stations as cash cows that generate extra revenues because companies are willing to pay higher prices for ads aired in shows that have higher ratings. If I was faced with a scenario in which my news program had achieved low ratings during the last few weeks then I would choose the death of the celebrity as my lead story. Celebrities are icon figures that the general public follows closely. When a celebrity dies the entire media covers the story because people want to know about it. Another reason for choosing the celebrity story over the recreation parks story is because at the beginning of a news telecast it is always important to catch the attention of the viewers. A lot of television watchers are very impulsive viewers especially when it comes to watching news. If a person likes the initial news of the telecast the company increases the chances of retaining t he viewer throughout the entire program. The news story about the city council shutting down the recreational parks three days a week has a lot of social impact. A lot of mothers are going to be affected by this decision because they will have no place to take their kids to play during the days the parks are close down. This news story despite its importance to society would not be chosen by me as lead story when I have a sure top news story that can bring in better ratings. As I mentioned earlier in this industry one has to adapt and make decision depending on the circumstances. ... During political campaign season this story has greater appeal because of the political angle associated with the recreational parks story. During such as season due to the social impact and political implications I would not hesitate to choose this story as my lead. Both stories were good, but the story that brings better ratings should be the priority for a news program. The media industry is facing some tough times as the corporate world is spending less on advertising and the internet has provided a cheaper channel that is taking business away from traditional media such as television stations. Advances in information technology are allowing for faster distribution of information than ever before (Shermerhorn & Hunt & Osborn, 2003, p.348). References Schermerhorn, J., Hunt, J., Osborn, R. (2003). Organizational Behavior (8th ed.). New York: John Wiley & Sons. Part II The television device was invented in 1927 by Philo Farnsworth. Television became very popular soon after it reach ed the market because the device fascinated people as it provided great entertainment for the entire family. The television industry has impacted our society deeply and has helped shape our culture. Many television programs were designed to educate people about social causes that affect culture. For example the 1980’s program A Different Stokes starting Gary Coleman showed Americans that biracial families worked because love has no color. A lot of other programs have taught people about different aspects of our culture. Law and Order fans have learned a lot about the American judicial system and its law enforcement. Television has helped document our history. The first space mission to the moon, Apollo 11, was covered by television in 1969. A lot of important events such as

Whole Foods Case Study Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1250 words

Whole Foods - Case Study Example Thus, changing business dynamics to suit the transforming business environment ensure that companies not only survive but are also able to maintain their competitive advantage within the industry. The paper would therefore be analyzing Whole Food Inc for business initiatives that has helped them to maintain their market position even during the recessive period. Analysis of Whole Food Whole Food Market was started in 1980 in Austin, Texas as local supermarket that focused on natural and health food with emphasis on organically produced food products. As one of the largest retail market chains of organic food, the company’s 276 retail outlets across US, UK and Canada have seen stupendous revenue growth of 30% by 1991 and 20% since 2000. The company intends to achieve a target of 400 stores with revenue worth $12 billion by 2010. John Mackey, CEO of Whole Food, has been an exemplary leader whose intrinsic beliefs in the strategic vision and core values of the company have steere d it to the path of enviable success. Strategic vision and core values Company’s vision is to become a global brand for best quality natural and organic food and best food retailer in every community that it serves. The mission statements of the company are designed to meet the food requirements of the people by providing them with healthy food so that they can lead a healthier life and live longer. The core values of the company highlight sustainable business practice and are fundamentally based on ensuring customer satisfaction not only through quality food that is organically produced by also by empowering them with knowledge and information that would promote their general well being. The core values are aligned to their vision and mission. Interests of all stakeholders including workforce, customers and supply chain is taken into consideration within the business strategy of Whole Food. Business strategy and operational efficiency The company ensures customer satisfactio n by providing them with high quality of natural and organically produced wide variety of food products. The Whole Food stores had large, open format on huge area, often exceeding 40,000 square feet. The stores had well defined segments with cafeteria facility which ensured that customers could also taste and test the quality food that they would be buying. The brochures and information about food products and sustainable business practice were made available. The organizational culture emphasizes diversity in workplace and promotes cross cultural understanding to create barrier free and encouraging environment. The team leaders within the stores are empowered to make independent decisions that ensures improved performance outcome. The company fulfills its social accountabilities through measures of employees’ welfare schemes, environmental concerns and charitable works in the area of education, training and development of entrepreneurial skills etc. Its suppliers of food pro ducts from low waged countries were helped financially to ensure quality produce that also helped them to raise their living standard. It has introduced various innovative measures to propagate its environmental policies among its in-house staff and business partners. It has also facilitated wider interaction with various focus groups and forged alliances to motivate and promotes proactive participation of the public and workforce in its drive for environmental conservations. The growth plans of companies are primarily through opening of new stores and through acquisition of smaller stores which have also been into the same business. The company’s philosophy of ‘Whole Food, Whole People, Whole Planet’